Wearable devices and associated security apparatus

ABSTRACT

Wearable devices and associated security apparatus are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a strap including a first conductor and a second conductor, when the strap is open, the first and second conductors are a first distance apart, when the strap is closed, the first and second conductors are a second distance apart, the first distance is greater than the second distance; and a device access enabler, to: provide a reference signal to the first conductor; and monitor a response to the reference signal to determine if the strap is open or closed.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to wearable devices, and, moreparticularly, to wearable devices and associated security apparatus.

BACKGROUND

A gesture may be requested prior to enabling access to some wearabledevices. The gesture may include a code entered by a wearer of thewearable device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of an example device implemented inaccordance with the teachings of this disclosure

FIG. 1B is a schematic illustration of an example device implemented inaccordance with the teachings of this disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an example device access enablerof the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 3A illustrates a first circuit provided by the device of FIG. 1Bwhen the first end and the second end of the device are adjacent to oneanother.

FIG. 3B illustrates a second circuit provided by the device of FIG. 1Bwhen the first end and the second end of the device are spaced from oneanother.

FIG. 4 illustrates a third circuit provided by the device of FIG. 1Bwhen the first end and the second end of the device are adjacent to oneanother.

FIG. 5A is a plot of a reference signal being applied to the exampledevice of FIG. 1B.

FIG. 5B is a plot representing a first response of the first circuit ofFIG. 3A.

FIG. 5C is a plot representing a second response of the second circuitof FIG. 3B.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example wearable device that can be used toimplement the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B, wherein the ends of thewearable device are at a first distance from one another.

FIG. 6B illustrates the wearable device of FIG. 6A, wherein the ends ofthe wearable device are at a second distance from one another.

FIG. 7 illustrates another example wearable device that can be used toimplement the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 8 illustrates another example wearable device that can be used toimplement the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 9 illustrates another example wearable device that can be used toimplement the device of FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart representative of machine readable instructionsthat may be executed to implement the example device access enabler ofFIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart representative of machine readable instructionsthat may be executed to implement the device access enabler of FIGS. 1Aand 1B to perform the processes of FIG. 10 to determine a status of astrap of the device.

FIG. 12 is an example state diagram representing example transitionsbetween different states of the device FIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 13 is a processor platform to execute the instructions of FIGS. 10and 11 to implement the device access enabler of FIGS. 1A and 1B and,more generally, to implement the examples disclosed herein.

The figures are not to scale. Wherever possible, the same referencenumbers will be used throughout the drawing(s) and accompanying writtendescription to refer to the same or like parts.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The examples disclosed herein relate to wearable devices that uselow-power consumption techniques to determine when the wearable devicesare being worn. In some examples, if the device is not being worn and/oris not on someone's wrist, the device may prevent further use withoutauthenticating information being provided. However, if the device isbeing worn and/or is on someone's wrist, the device may enable use ofthe device. In some examples, the authenticating information is apasscode and/or other gesture. As set forth herein, use of the devicemeans that a person may access content and/or functionality stored onand/or accessible to the wearable device.

In some examples, to determine whether the device is being worn, strapends of the device include conductors such as, flexible insulatedconductors, coupled to the strap and/or embedded within the strap. Insome examples, these example conductors are configured to overlap andform a capacitor when the device is being worn and are configured toform an open circuit when the device is not being worn. Thus, by placingthe conductors on the strap, the example wearable devices disclosedherein may identify the status of device while also having a relativelysmall and/or thin profile.

To monitor for the presence of the capacitor formed by the strap endsand, thus, an indication that the device is being worn, in someexamples, a general-purpose input/output (GPIO) provides a referencesignal in the form of a square wave to a first end of the device and acomparator monitors the charge and/or discharge rate of the conductor.In some examples, the device determines that the device is being wornwhen the comparator reaches a value (e.g., 0 Volts (V)) after athreshold amount of time. In some examples, the device determines thatthe device is not being worn when the response reaches a value (e.g., 0Volts (V)) before the threshold amount of time.

In some examples, the devices disclosed herein include securityenablement context aware functionality that monitor activitiesassociated with the device, the position of the device, movement of thedevice, the time of day, etc. In some examples, this security enablementcontext aware functionality enables these devices to have enhancedsecurity features. For example, if the device determines that the deviceis being worn but the user is sleeping, the device may requireauthenticating information prior to enabling access to the content onthe device.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an example wearable device 100 thatcan be used to detect when the device 100 is being worn. The device 100can be any type of device such as, for example, a watch, a smart watchand/or any other device including a processor and/or communicationcapability. In this example, the device 100 includes an example deviceaccess enabler 102, an example display 104, an example sensor(s) 106, anexample processor 108, an example battery 110 and an example memory 111.In some examples, the sensor(s) 106 includes a camera(s), a proximitysensor(s), a touch sensor(s), a global positioning sensor(s) (GPS), anaccelerometer(s), a gravitational sensor(s), etc.

Further, in the illustrated example, to enable the device 100 to be wornby an individual, the example device 100 includes a first end 112 thatis couplable to a second end 114. In some examples, the first and secondends 112, 114 are ends of straps of the device 100. The first and secondends 112, 114 may include any type of latch and/or other fastener toenable the ends 112, 114 to be coupled and to enable the device 100 tobe coupled to a person's wrist and/or other part of the body.

In some examples, having the first and second ends 112, 114 coupled isindicative of the device 100 being worn by an individual. In otherexamples, having the first and second ends 112, 114 not coupled and/orare otherwise not immediately adjacent to one another is indicative ofthe device 100 not being worn by an individual. In examples where thefirst and second ends 112, 114 include a buckle to enable the first andsecond ends 112, 114 to be coupled, the first and second ends 112, 114may be considered not coupled if a pin of the buckle is not in contactwith a remainder of the buckle. In some examples, when the device 100 isbeing worn by an individual, the device access enabler 102 may notrequire authenticating information to be entered prior to enablingaccess to the device 100. For example, if the device access enabler 102determines that authenticating information was previously providedduring a wearing period of the device 100, the device access enabler 102may not require authenticating information to be provided.Alternatively, if the device access enabler 102 determines thatauthenticating information was not entered during the wearing period,the device access enabler 102 may require that authenticatinginformation be provided. The wearing period may begin when the device100 is turned on and is being worn and end when the device is turned offand/or is not being worn.

In other words, in some examples, when the device 100 is taken off ofsomeone's arm, the wearing period end and authenticating information isrequired to again access data on the device 100. In some examples, thedevice access enabler 102 may require authenticating information to beentered if the device 100 is identified as locked and the first andsecond ends 112, 114 are coupled and/or not coupled. In some examples,the device access enabler 102 may not require authenticating informationto be entered if the device 100 is unlocked and the first and secondends 112, 114 are coupled and/or adjacent one another. The device 100may be considered unlocked if authenticating information has beenentered during a wearing period and the device 100 may be consideredlocked if authenticating information has not been entered during thewearing period.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example implementation of the example device 100including a first conductor 116 at the first end 112 of the device 100and a second conductor 118 at the second end 114 of the device 100 toenable the device access enabler 102 to determine whether the device 100is being worn. In some examples, the first and/or second conductors 116,118 are flexible insulated conductors, braided conductors and/or wovenconductors that are embedded and/or otherwise coupled adjacent the ends112, 114.

In this example, the conductors 116, 118 on the first and second ends112, 114 of the device 100 are configured to overlap and form acapacitor 302 (FIG. 3A) when the device 100 is being worn and areconfigured to form an open circuit 402 (FIG. 3B) when the device 100 isnot being worn. To monitor for the presence of the capacitor 302 (FIG.3A) formed based on the positioning of the first and second conductors116, 118, the device access enabler 102 generates a reference signal 120directed towards the first conductor 116 and monitors for a response 122to the reference signal 120.

In some examples, the reference signal 120 is a square wave thatperiodically applies a voltage to the first conductor 116. In someexamples when the capacitor 302 is formed based on the ends 112, 114being coupled and/or immediately adjacent one another, the response 122does not track the square wave and, thus, the response 122 is aresistive/capacitive (RC) response. In other words, when the ends 112,114 are immediately adjacent one another, the response 122 reachesand/or equals a reference value within a first-time period that is equaland/or greater than a threshold period. In some examples, when thecapacitor 302 is not formed based on the ends 112, 114 not being coupledand/or being spaced from one another, the response 122 substantiallytracks the square wave and, thus, the response 122 is anon-resistive/capacitive (RC) response. In other words, when the ends112, 114 are spaced from one another, the response 122 reaches and/orequals the reference value within a second-time period that satisfiesthe threshold and is shorter than the first-time period.

In examples in which the device access enabler 102 determines that thedevice 100 is being worn and/or that the response 122 is indicative ofand/or associated with a resistive/capacitive response, the deviceaccess enabler 102 may enable access to the device 100 if authenticatinginformation has been provided during a wearing period of the device 100.If the device access enabler 102 determines that authenticatinginformation was not provided during the wearing period, in someexamples, the device access enabler 102 requires authenticatinginformation to be provided prior to enabling use of the device 100. Theauthenticating information may include a passcode, a gesture and/or anyother movement and/or action (e.g. fingerprint) to access the device100.

In some examples, the device access enabler 102 monitors contextinformation and/or activities of the device 100 to determine whether torequire authenticating information prior to enabling use of the device100. For example, if the device access enabler 102 determines that thedevice 100 has not been used for a threshold amount of time and/or thatthe user is sleeping, the device access enabler 102 may requireauthenticating information to be provided prior to enabling use of thedevice 100.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example implementation of the device accessenabler 102 of FIGS. 1A and 1B. In the illustrated example, the deviceaccess enabler 102 includes an example input/output device 202, anexample comparator 204, an example capacitor presence determiner 206, anexample security accesser 208, an example timer 212 and an example database 214.

To monitor for the presence of the capacitor 302 (FIG. 3A) formed basedon the positioning of the first and second conductors 116, 118, in someexamples, the input/output device 202 generates the reference signal 120that is directed toward the first conductor 116 and monitors for theresponse 122 to the reference signal 120 provided. The response 122being associated with a resistive/capacitive response may indicate thatthe ends 112, 114 are coupled and a non-resistive/capacitive responsemay indicate that the ends 112, 114 are not coupled.

To determine when the response 122 is a resistive/capacitive responseassociated with the ends 112, 114 being coupled and/or when the response122 is a non-resistive/capacitive response associated with the ends 112,114 not being coupled, in some examples, the example comparator 204determines when a value of the response 122 equals a reference value andthe timer 212 determines an amount of time that the response 122 takesto reach and/or equal the reference value.

In the illustrated example, the capacitor presence determiner 206determines that the capacitor 302 is present and/or that the conductors116, 118 are overlapping based on the amount time being equal to and/orgreater than a threshold time period. More generally, the capacitorpresence determiner 206 determines that the capacitor 302 is presentwhen the response 122 does not track the reference signal 120. In theillustrated example, the capacitor presence determiner 206 determinesthat the open circuit 402 is present and/or that the conductors 116, 118are not overlapping based on the amount time being less the thresholdtime period. More generally, the capacitor presence determiner 206determines that the open circuit 402 is present when the response 122tracks and/or substantially tracks the reference signal 120. As setforth herein, the phrase “substantially tracks the reference signal”means that the response 122 is the same as the reference signal 120 butfor a time delay between the response 122 and the reference signal 120and/or accounts for transmission delays and/or other interference and/orresistance.

In examples in which the capacitor presence determiner 206 determinesthat the device 100 is being worn, the security accessor 208 determineswhether authenticating information has been provided to the device 100during a wearing period of the device 100 and/or since the device 100has been turned on. Additionally and/or alternatively, in examples inwhich the capacitor presence determiner 206 determines that the response122 is indicative of and/or associated with a resistive/capacitiveresponse, the security accessor 208 determines whether authenticatinginformation has been provided to the device 100 during a wearing periodof the device 100 and/or since the device 100 has been turned on.

In some examples, to determine whether authenticating information hasbeen provided, the security accessor 208 accesses a log stored in thedata base 214 that identifies a first time when the device 100 wasidentified as being worn and/or turned on and a second time when accesswas granted to the device 100 based on authenticating information beingreceived, accepted and/or approved. To determine when the authenticatinginformation was provided relative to the device 100 being turned onand/or being worn, the security accesser 208 compares the first time andthe second time to determine which occurred first. In examples in whichthe first time is before the second time, the security accesser 208determines that access has been granted to the device 100 during awearing period and the security accessor 208 may enable access to thedevice 100 without requiring further authenticating information. Inexamples in which the first time is after the second time, the securityaccesser 208 may determine that access has not been granted to thedevice 100 during the wearing period and may not enable use of thedevice 100 without authenticating information being provided.

While an example manner of implementing the device access enabler 102 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B is illustrated in FIG. 2, one or more of the elements,processes and/or devices illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B may be combined,divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implemented in anyother way. Further, the example input/output device 202, the examplecomparator 204, the example capacitor presence determiner 206, theexample security accesser 208, the example timer 212, the example database 214 and/or, more generally, the example device access enabler 102of FIGS. 1A and 1B may be implemented by hardware, software, firmwareand/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, forexample, any of the example input/output device 202, the examplecomparator 204, the example capacitor presence determiner 206, theexample security accesser 208, the example timer 212, the example database 214 and/or, more generally, the example device access enabler 102of FIGS. 1A and 1B could be implemented by one or more analog or digitalcircuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), applicationspecific integrated circuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s)(PLD(s)) and/or field programmable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)). Whenreading any of the apparatus or system claims of this patent to cover apurely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of theexample input/output device 202, the example comparator 204, the examplecapacitor presence determiner 206, the example security accesser 208,the example timer 212, the example data base 214 and/or, more generally,the example device access enabler 102 of FIGS. 1A and 1B is/are herebyexpressly defined to include a tangible computer readable storage deviceor storage disk such as a memory, a digital versatile disk (DVD), acompact disk (CD), a Blu-ray disk, etc. storing the software and/orfirmware. Further still, the example device access enabler 100 of FIGS.1A and 1B may include one or more elements, processes and/or devices inaddition to, or instead of, those illustrated and/or may include morethan one of any or all of the illustrated elements, processes anddevices.

FIG. 3A is an example illustration of a circuit 300 including the deviceaccess enabler 102, the first and second conductors 116, 118 and thecapacitor 302 formed based on the proximity of the first and secondconductors 116, 118. In this example, the device access enabler 102generates the reference signal 120 and receives the response 122. In theillustrated example of FIG. 3A, based on the relative positioning of theconductors 116, 118 that the form the capacitor 302, the response 122 isassociated with a resistive/capacitive response (e.g., the capacitor302) that indicates that the device 100 is being worn (e.g., the device100 is on someone's wrist).

FIG. 3B is an example illustration of a circuit 400 including the deviceaccess enabler 102 and the first and second conductors 116, 118 notproximate one another. Thus, the circuit 400 of FIG. 3B is shown as theopen circuit 402 and does not include the capacitor 302. In thisexample, the device access enabler 102 generates the reference signal120 and receives the response 122. In the illustrated example of FIG.3B, based on the relative positioning of the conductors 116, 118 beingspaced from one another and the capacitor 302 not being formed, theresponse 122 is associated with a non-resistive/capacitive response thatindicates that the device 100 is not being worn (e.g., the device 100 isnot on someone's wrist).

FIG. 4 is an example illustration of a circuit 450 including the deviceaccess enabler 102 and the first and second conductors 116, 118proximate one another. Thus, the circuit 450 of FIG. 4 is shown asincluding the capacitor 302. In this example, the device access enabler102 is implemented by a general-purpose input/output device (GPIO) and atimer. In some examples, to determine whether the conductors 116, 118are proximate one another, the GPIO generates the reference signal 120,the timer begins and the GPIO (e.g., switches to and/or acting as aninput) monitors the response 122 as the response discharges through aresistor 452. In some examples, when an interrupt (e.g., a low-levelinterrupt) identifies the value of the response 122 as satisfying athreshold value, the timer stops. In some examples, when the conductors116, 118 are proximate one another, the time is greater than a thresholdamount of time. In some examples, when the conductors 116, 118 arespaced one another, the time is less than or equal to a threshold amountof time.

FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B and FIG. 5C depict graphs 900, 902 904 of resultsobtained using the example wearable devices disclosed herein. As shownin FIG. 5A, in this example, the reference signal 120 provided to thefirst conductor 116 is a square wave. As shown in the graph 902 of FIG.5B, a first line 906 represents the response when the first and secondconductors 116, 118 are adjacent one another and, thus, the response isdifferent than the square wave reference signal 120. As shown in thegraph 904 of FIG. 5C, a second line 908 represents the response when thefirst and second conductors 116, 118 are spaced apart and, thus, theresponse substantially tracks the square wave reference signal 120. Asshown by comparing FIGS. 5B and 5C, a time difference is present betweenwhen the first line 906 reaches a threshold value 910 and when thesecond line 908 reaches the threshold value 910 where the timedifference (Δt) is associated with the capacitor 302 being presentand/or the conductors 116, 118 overlapping.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate an example implementation of the device 100of FIGS. 1A and 1B as a watch or other wearable device. In theillustrated example, the device 100 includes a face 500 including thedevice access enabler 102, a first strap 502 including the first end 112and the first conductor 116 and a second strap 504 including the secondend 114 and the second conductor 118. The example of FIG. 6A illustratesthe ends 112, 114 spaced apart and the conductors 116, 118 notoverlapping indicative of the device 100 not being worn. The example ofFIG. 6B illustrates the ends 112, 114 adjacent one another and/orcoupled and the conductors 116, 118 overlapping indicating that thedevice 100 is being worn. In some examples, to couple the straps 502,504 together, one of straps 502, 504 includes a latch and/or aprojection and the other of the straps 502, 504 includes an aperture(s)to receive the latch and/or the projection to couple the straps 502, 504together.

FIG. 7 illustrates another example implementation of the device 100 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B as a watch or other wearable device. In the illustratedexample, the device 100 includes a face 700 including the device accessenabler 102, a first strap 702 including the first end 112 and the firstconductor 116 and a second strap 704 including the second end 114 andthe second conductor 118. In some examples, the conductors 116, 118 areembedded and/or otherwise coupled to the respective first and secondstraps 702, 704. The example of FIG. 7 illustrates the ends 112, 114adjacent one another and/or coupled and the conductors 116, 118overlapping indicating that the device 100 is being worn.

FIG. 8 illustrates another example implementation of the device 100 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B as a watch or other wearable device. In the illustratedexample, the device 100 includes a face 800 including the device accessenabler 102, a first strap 802 including the first end 112 and the firstconductor 116 and a second strap 804 including the second end 114 andthe second conductor 118. In the illustrated example of FIG. 8, thesecond strap 804 defines an aperture 806 that receives the first end 112to couple the first and second ends 112, 114 and/or to enable the device100 to be worn. In some examples, the first conductor 116 includes afirst portion on a first side 808 of the first strap 802 and a secondportion on a second side 810 of the strap 802. Correspondingly, in someexamples, the second conductor 118 include a first portion on a firstside 811 of the aperture 806 and a second portion on a second side 812of the aperture 806. In other examples, the second strap 804 includesboth the first conductor 116 and the second conductor 118 that overlapwhen the second strap 804 is positioned through an aperture defined bythe first strap 802 and disposed over itself (e.g., the second strap 804overlaps). The example of FIG. 8 illustrates the ends 112, 114 adjacentone another and/or coupled and the conductors 116, 118 overlappingindicating that the device 100 is being worn.

FIG. 9 illustrates another example implementation of the device 100 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B as a watch or other wearable device. In the illustratedexample, the device 100 includes a face 950 including the device accessenabler 102 and a single strap 952 including the first conductor 116 andthe second conductor 118. The example of FIG. 9 illustrates theconductors 116, 118 spaced from one another indicating that the device100 is not being worn. In some examples, to couple the device 100 tosomeone's wrist, an end 954 of the strap 952 is positioned through anaperture 956 and coupled upon itself using, for example, a fastener, amagnet, a hook and loop fastener, a projection that is received in anaperture, etc. While the example of FIG. 9 depicts a single strap, inother examples, the device 100 illustrated in FIG. 9 may include twostraps where one or both of straps include a conductor(s).

A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions forimplementing the device access enabler 102 of FIGS. 1A and 1B is shownin FIGS. 10 and 11. In this example, the machine readable instructionscomprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor1212 shown in the example processor platform 1200 discussed below inconnection with FIG. 13. The program may be embodied in software storedon a tangible computer readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, afloppy disk, a hard drive, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a Blu-raydisk, or a memory associated with the processor 1212, but the entireprogram and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by a deviceother than the processor 1212 and/or embodied in firmware or dedicatedhardware. Further, although the example program is described withreference to the flowchart illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, many othermethods of implementing the example device access enabler 102 mayalternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocksmay be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed,eliminated, or combined.

As mentioned above, the example processes of FIGS. 10 and 11 may beimplemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machinereadable instructions) stored on a tangible computer readable storagemedium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, a read-only memory(ROM), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a cache, arandom-access memory (RAM) and/or any other storage device or storagedisk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extendedtime periods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarilybuffering, and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, theterm tangible computer readable storage medium is expressly defined toinclude any type of computer readable storage device and/or storage diskand to exclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. Asused herein, “tangible computer readable storage medium” and “tangiblemachine readable storage medium” are used interchangeably. Additionallyor alternatively, the example processes of FIGS. 10,11 and 12 may beimplemented using coded instructions (e.g., computer and/or machinereadable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and/ormachine readable medium such as a hard disk drive, a flash memory, aread-only memory, a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a cache, arandom-access memory and/or any other storage device or storage disk inwhich information is stored for any duration (e.g., for extended timeperiods, permanently, for brief instances, for temporarily buffering,and/or for caching of the information). As used herein, the termnon-transitory computer readable medium is expressly defined to includeany type of computer readable storage device and/or storage disk and toexclude propagating signals and to exclude transmission media. As usedherein, when the phrase “at least” is used as the transition term in apreamble of a claim, it is open-ended in the same manner as the term“comprising” is open ended.

The program of FIG. 10 begins by the device access enabler 102, thecapacitor presence determiner 206 and/or the security accesser 208determining the status of the strap 502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 of thedevice 100 (block 1006). In some examples, the processes performed atblock 1006 are continuously performed while the device 100 is turned on.Thus, in such examples, the status of the device 100 is monitored whenthe device 100 is turned on.

In some examples, the device access enabler 102, the capacitor presencedeterminer 206 and/or the security accesser 208 determines that thedevice 100 and/or the strap 502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 of the device100 is closed based on the capacitor presence determiner 206 identifyingthe response 122 as being associated with a resistive/capacitiveresponse and/or the capacitor 302. In some examples, the device accessenabler 102, the capacitor presence determiner 206 and/or the securityaccesser 208 determines that the device 100 and/or the strap 502, 504,702, 704, 802, 804 of the device 100 is open based on the capacitorpresence determiner 206 identifying the response 122 as being associatedwith a non-resistive/capacitive response and/or being associated withthe open circuit 402.

The input/output device 202 and/or the security accesser 208 determinewhether an access request has been received (block 1008). In someexamples, the input/output device 202 and/or the security accesser 208identifies an access request being received based on data from thesensor(s) 106 and/or an individual touching the display 104 of thedevice 100.

If the input/output device 202 and/or the security accesser 208determines that an access request has been received, the securityaccesser 208 determines whether the status of the device 100 is unlockedand closed (block 1010). If the security accessor 208 determines thatthe device 100 is unlocked and closed, the security accessor 208 enablesaccess to the device 100 (block 1011). In some examples, the device 100is unlocked when access has been granted to data on the device 100. Insome examples, the device 100 is locked when access has not been grantedto data on the device 100. In some examples, the device 100 is closedwhen the straps 502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 are coupled. In someexamples, the device 100 is open when the straps 502, 504, 702, 704,802, 804 are not coupled.

If the security accessor 208 determines that the device 100 is unlockedand/or not closed, the security accessor 208 requests and/or obtainsaccess information via, for example, the input/output device 202 and/orthe sensor(s) 106 (block 1012) and the security accessor 208 determineswhether the access information is accurate (block 1014). In someexamples, the access information includes a passcode, a gesture and/orany other movement and/or action to authenticate access to the device100.

If the access information is accurate, the device access enabler 102,the capacitor presence determiner 206 and/or the security accesser 208determine whether the device 100 is closed (block 1016). If the deviceaccess enabler 102, the capacitor presence determiner 206 and/or thesecurity accesser 208 determine that the device 100 is closed, thedevice access enabler 102, the capacitor presence determiner 206 and/orthe security accesser 208 associate the status of the device 100 withbeing unlocked closed (block 1018) and access to the device is enabled(block 1011). However, if the security accessor 208 determines that theaccess information is not accurate, the process ends (block 1020).

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of performing the processes of block 1006to determine the status of the device 100. The program of FIG. 11 beginswith the input/output device 202 and/or the device access enabler 102applying the reference signal 120 to the first end 112 of the device 100(block 1102). The timer 212 begins (block 1104) and the input/out outputdevice 202 and/or the device access enabler 102 accesses the response122 of the reference signal 120 (block 1106). The comparator 204compares the response 122 to a reference value accessed from the database 214 (block 1108).

The comparator 204 determines if the response 122 satisfies thereference value (block 1110). When the comparator 204 determines thatthe response 122 satisfies the reference value, the timer 212 stops(block 1112) and the timer 212 determines an amount of time taken forthe response 122 to satisfy, reach and/or equal the reference value(block 1114). The device access enabler 102 and/or the capacitorpresence determiner 206 determine if the time is greater than athreshold amount of time (block 1116).

If the time is less than the threshold, the device access enabler 102and/or the capacitor presence determiner 206 identify a status of thedevice 100 and/or the strap 502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 of the device100 as being open (block 1118). If the time is greater than thethreshold amount of time, the device access enabler 102 and/or thesecurity accesser 208 determines whether the previous status of thedevice 100 is unlocked and closed (block 1120).

If the security accesser 208 determines that the previous status of thedevice 100 is unlocked and closed, the security accesser 208 associatesthe status of the device 100 with being unlocked and closed (block1122). However, if the security accesser 208 determines that theprevious status of the device 100 is not unlocked and/or not closed, thesecurity accesser 208 associates the status of the device 100 with beingclosed (block 1124). At block 1126, the process returns to FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an example state diagram 1300 representing different statesof the device 100. The example state diagram 1300 includes a data accesslocked state 1302, an awaiting access information state 1304 and a dataaccess unlocked state 1306. While an example manner of implementing thedevice of FIGS. 1A and 1B is illustrated in FIG. 12, one or more of theelements, processes and/or devices illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B may becombined, divided, re-arranged, omitted, eliminated and/or implementedin any other way.

In the illustrated example, when the device 100 is in the data accesslocked state 1302 and the device access enabler 102, the capacitorpresence determiner 206 and/or the security accesser 208 determines thatthe device 100 and/or the strap 502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 of thedevice 100 is closed 1308, the example device access enabler 102transitions the state of the device 100 from the data access lockedstate 1302 to the awaiting access information state 1304. In someexamples, access to data on the device 100 is prevented in the awaitingaccess information state 1304. In some examples, access to data on thedevice 100 is prevented in the data access locked state 1302.

In the illustrated example, when the device 100 is in the awaitingaccess information state 1304 and the device access enabler 102, thecapacitor presence determiner 206 and/or the security accesser 208determines that the device 100 and/or the strap 502, 504, 702, 704, 802,804 of the device 100 is open 1310, the example device access enabler102 transitions the state of the device 100 from the awaiting accessinformation state 1304 to the data access locked state 1302.

In the illustrated example, when the device 100 is in the awaitingaccess information state 1304 and the device access enabler 102, thecapacitor presence determiner 206 and/or the security accesser 208determines that access information was provided 1312 (e.g., accurateauthenticating information), the example device access enabler 102transitions the state of the device 100 from the awaiting accessinformation state 1304 to the data access unlocked state 1306. In someexamples, access to data on the device 100 is enabled in the data accessunlocked state 1306.

In the illustrated example, when the device 100 is in the data accessunlocked state 1306 and the capacitor presence determiner 206 and/or thesecurity accesser 208 determines that the device 100 and/or the strap502, 504, 702, 704, 802, 804 of the device 100 is open 1314, the exampledevice access enabler 102 transitions the state of the device 100 fromthe data access unlocked state 1306 to the data access locked state1302. In the illustrated example, when the device 100 is in the dataaccess unlocked state 1306 and the capacitor presence determiner 206and/or the security accesser 208 identifies a lock event on the device100 1316, the example device access enabler 102 transitions the state ofthe device 100 from the data access unlocked state 1306 to the dataaccess locked state 1302. In some examples, the lock event includes auser locking use of the device 100 via an input and/or the device accessenabler 102 determining that the device 100 has not be used for athreshold amount of time.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example processor platform 1000 capableof executing the instructions of FIGS. 10 and 11 to implement thewearable device 100 and/or the device access enabler 102 of FIGS. 1A and1B. The processor platform 1200 can be, for example, a server, apersonal computer, a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, atablet such as an iPad™), a personal digital assistant (PDA), anInternet appliance, or any other type of computing device.

The processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example includes aprocessor 1212. The processor 1212 of the illustrated example ishardware. For example, the processor 1212 can be implemented by one ormore integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors or controllersfrom any desired family or manufacturer. In the illustrated example, theprocessor 1212 implements the processor 108, the comparator 204, thecapacitor presence determiner 206, the security accesser 208 and thetimer 212.

The processor 1212 of the illustrated example includes a local memory1213 (e.g., a cache). The processor 1212 of the illustrated example isin communication with a main memory including a volatile memory 1214 anda non-volatile memory 1216 via a bus 1218. The volatile memory 1214 maybe implemented by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM),Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory(RDRAM) and/or any other type of random access memory device. Thenon-volatile memory 1216 may be implemented by flash memory and/or anyother desired type of memory device. Access to the main memory 1214,1216 is controlled by a memory controller.

The processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes aninterface circuit 1220. The interface circuit 1220 may be implemented byany type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, auniversal serial bus (USB), and/or a PCI express interface. In theillustrated example, the interface circuit 1220 implements the display104, the first conductor 116 and the second conductors 118.

In the illustrated example, one or more input devices 1222 are connectedto the interface circuit 1220. The input device(s) 1222 permit(s) a userto enter data and commands into the processor 1212. The input device(s)can be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, acamera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touchscreen, atrack-pad, a trackball, isopoint and/or a voice recognition system. Inthe illustrated example, the input device 1222 implements theinput/output device 202.

One or more output devices 1224 are also connected to the interfacecircuit 1220 of the illustrated example. The output devices 1224 can beimplemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., a light emittingdiode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a liquid crystaldisplay, a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a touchscreen, a tactileoutput device and/or speakers). The interface circuit 1220 of theillustrated example, thus, typically includes a graphics driver card, agraphics driver chip or a graphics driver processor. In the illustratedexample, the output device 1224 implements the input/output device 202.

The interface circuit 1220 of the illustrated example also includes acommunication device such as a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, amodem and/or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data withexternal machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via a network1226 (e.g., an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), atelephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system, etc.).

The processor platform 1200 of the illustrated example also includes oneor more mass storage devices 1228 for storing software and/or data.Examples of such mass storage devices 1228 include floppy disk drives,hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, RAIDsystems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. In the illustratedexample, the mass storage device 1228 implements the memory 111 and thedata base 214.

The coded instructions 1232 of FIGS. 10 and 11 may be stored in the massstorage device 1228, in the volatile memory 1214, in the non-volatilememory 1216, and/or on a removable tangible computer readable storagemedium such as a CD or DVD.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the above disclosedmethods, apparatus and articles of manufacture relate to providingsecurity features to wearable devices that enable a user to use thewearable device without entering security information if the device isbeing worn and/or other criteria are met, for example. In some examples,the device is determined as being worn based on a response to areference signal applied to an end of the strap. In some examples, theresponse indicates that the strap is closed when the response isassociated with a resistive/capacitive response. In some examples, theresponse indicates that the strap is open when the response isassociated with a non-resistive/capacitive response.

Example 1 includes an apparatus, comprising: a strap including a firstconductor and a second conductor, when the strap is open, the first andsecond conductors are a first distance apart, when the strap is closed,the first and second conductors are a second distance apart, the firstdistance is greater than the second distance; and a device accessenabler, to: provide a reference signal to the first conductor; andmonitor a response to the reference signal to determine if the strap isopen or closed.

Example 2 includes the apparatus of example 1, wherein the referencesignal is a square wave.

Example 3 includes the apparatus of examples 1 or 2, wherein the deviceaccess enabler is to determine that the strap is closed based on theresponse being associated with a resistive/capacitive response.

Example 4 includes the apparatus of example 3, wherein theresistive/capacitive response is associated with the response satisfyinga reference value after a threshold amount of time has lapsed.

Example 5 includes the apparatus of examples 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein thedevice access enabler is to determine that the strap is open based onthe response being associated with a non-resistive/capacitive response.

Example 6 includes the apparatus of example 5, wherein thenon-resistive/capacitive response is associated with the responsesatisfying a reference value before a threshold amount of time haslapsed.

Example 7 includes the apparatus of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6,wherein the apparatus is a wearable device.

Example 8 includes the apparatus of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7,wherein, in response to the device access enabler determining that thestrap is open, the device access enabler to request access informationprior to enabling access to the wearable device.

Example 9 includes the apparatus of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8,wherein, in response to the device access enabler determining that thestrap is closed, the device access enabler to enable access to thewearable device if access information has been provided during a wearingperiod of the wearable device.

Example 10 includes the apparatus of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or9, wherein the device access enabler is to monitor the response to thereference signal using a comparator and a timer, the comparator is tocompare the response to a reference value to determine when the responsesatisfies the reference value and the timer is to determine an amount oftime taken for the response to satisfy the reference value, the deviceaccess enabler to identify the strap as being closed based on the amountof time being equal to or greater than a threshold amount of time, thedevice access enabler to identify the strap as being open based on theamount of time being less than the threshold amount of time.

Example 11 includes an apparatus, comprising: an input/output device toprovide a reference signal to an end of a wearable device, theinput/output device to receive a response based on the reference signalprovided; a comparator to determine when the response satisfies areference value; and a determiner to determine a status of the wearabledevice based on when the response satisfies the reference value.

Example 12 includes the apparatus of example 11, wherein the status ofwearable device is associated with a strap of the wearable device beingopen, closed, closed and locked, or closed and unlocked.

Example 13 includes the apparatus of example 12, wherein the determinerincludes a capacitor presence determiner, when the status of thewearable device is associated with the strap of the wearable devicebeing closed, the capacitor presence determiner to identify a presenceof a capacitor at the end of the wearable device based on the response,when the status of the wearable device is associated with the strap ofthe wearable device being open, the capacitor presence determiner toidentify an absence of the capacitor at the end of the wearable devicebased on the response.

Example 14 includes the apparatus of examples 12 or 13, wherein when thedeterminer determines that the status of the wearable device isassociated with the strap of the wearable device being open, a securityaccessor to request access information prior to enabling access to thewearable device.

Example 15 includes the apparatus of examples 12, 13, or 14, whereinwhen the determiner determines that the status of wearable device isassociated with the strap of the wearable device being closed, asecurity accessor to enable access to the wearable device if accessinformation has been provided within a wearing period of the wearabledevice.

Example 16 includes the apparatus of example 15, wherein the wearingperiod includes when the wearable device is turned on and is being worn.

Example 17 includes a method, comprising: providing a reference signalto an end of a wearable device; receiving a response based on thereference signal provided; determining when the response satisfies areference value; and determining, by executing an instruction with atleast one processor, a status of the wearable device based on when theresponse satisfies the reference value, wherein the status of wearabledevice is associated with a strap of the wearable device being open orclosed.

Example 18 includes the method of example 17, wherein when the status ofthe wearable device is associated with the strap of the wearable devicebeing closed, identifying a presence of a capacitor at the end of thewearable device based on the response.

Example 19 includes the method of examples 17 or 18, wherein when thestatus of the wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being open, the capacitor presence determiner toidentify an absence of the capacitor at the end of the wearable devicebased on the response.

Example 20 includes the method of examples 17, 18, or 19, wherein whenthe status of wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being open, requesting access information prior toenabling access to the wearable device.

Example 21 includes the method of examples 17, 18, 19, or 20, whereinwhen the status of wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being closed, enabling access to the wearable device ifaccess information has been provided within a wearing period of thewearable device.

Example 22 includes a tangible computer-readable medium comprisinginstructions that, when executed, cause a processor to, at least:provide a reference signal to an end of a wearable device; receive aresponse based on the reference signal provided; determine when theresponse satisfies a reference value; and determine a status of thewearable device based on when the response satisfies the referencevalue, wherein the status of wearable device is associated with a strapof the wearable device being open or closed.

Example 23 includes the computer-readable medium as defined in example22, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the processorto request access information prior to enabling access to the wearabledevice when the status of wearable device is associated with the strapof the wearable device being open.

Example 24 includes the computer-readable medium as defined in examples22 or 23, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause theprocessor to enable access to the wearable device if access informationhas been provided within a wearing period of the wearable device whenthe status of wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being closed.

Example 25 includes a system for a wearable device, comping: means forproviding a reference signal to an end of the wearable device; means forreceiving a response based on the reference signal provided; means fordetermining when the response satisfies a reference value; and means fordetermining a status of the wearable device based on when the responsesatisfies the reference value, wherein the status of wearable device isassociated with a strap of the wearable device being open or closed.

Example 26 includes the system as defined in example 25, furtherincluding means for requesting access information prior to enablingaccess to the wearable device when the status of wearable device isassociated with the strap of the wearable device being open.

Example 27 includes the system of examples 25 or 26, further includingmeans for enabling access to the wearable device if access informationhas been provided within a wearing period of the wearable device whenthe status of wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being closed.

Although certain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacturehave been disclosed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is notlimited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods,apparatus and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope ofthe claims of this patent.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus, comprising: a strap including afirst conductor and a second conductor, when the strap is open, thefirst and second conductors are a first distance apart, when the strapis closed, the first and second conductors are a second distance apart,the first distance is greater than the second distance; and a deviceaccess enabler, to: provide a reference signal to the first conductor;and monitor a response to the reference signal to determine if the strapis open or closed.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the referencesignal is a square wave.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the deviceaccess enabler is to determine that the strap is closed based on theresponse being associated with a resistive/capacitive response.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 3, wherein the resistive/capacitive response isassociated with the response satisfying a reference value after athreshold amount of time has lapsed.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the device access enabler is to determine that the strap is openbased on the response being associated with a non-resistive/capacitiveresponse.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein thenon-resistive/capacitive response is associated with the responsesatisfying a reference value before a threshold amount of time haslapsed.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a wearabledevice.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in response to the deviceaccess enabler determining that the strap is open, the device accessenabler to request access information prior to enabling access to thewearable device.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, in response tothe device access enabler determining that the strap is closed, thedevice access enabler to enable access to the wearable device if accessinformation has been provided during a wearing period of the wearabledevice.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device access enableris to monitor the response to the reference signal using a comparatorand a timer, the comparator is to compare the response to a referencevalue to determine when the response satisfies the reference value andthe timer is to determine an amount of time taken for the response tosatisfy the reference value, the device access enabler to identify thestrap as being closed based on the amount of time being equal to orgreater than a threshold amount of time, the device access enabler toidentify the strap as being open based on the amount of time being lessthan the threshold amount of time.
 11. An apparatus, comprising: aninput/output device to provide a reference signal to an end of awearable device, the input/output device to receive a response based onthe reference signal provided; a comparator to determine when theresponse satisfies a reference value; and a determiner to determine astatus of the wearable device based on when the response satisfies thereference value.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the status ofwearable device is associated with a strap of the wearable device beingopen, closed, closed and locked, or closed and unlocked.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein the determiner includes a capacitorpresence determiner, when the status of the wearable device isassociated with the strap of the wearable device being closed, thecapacitor presence determiner to identify a presence of a capacitor atthe end of the wearable device based on the response, when the status ofthe wearable device is associated with the strap of the wearable devicebeing open, the capacitor presence determiner to identify an absence ofthe capacitor at the end of the wearable device based on the response.14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein when the determiner determinesthat the status of the wearable device is associated with the strap ofthe wearable device being open, a security accessor to request accessinformation prior to enabling access to the wearable device.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein when the determiner determines that thestatus of wearable device is associated with the strap of the wearabledevice being closed, a security accessor to enable access to thewearable device if access information has been provided within a wearingperiod of the wearable device.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, whereinthe wearing period includes when the wearable device is turned on and isbeing worn.
 17. A method, comprising: providing a reference signal to anend of a wearable device; receiving a response based on the referencesignal provided; determining when the response satisfies a referencevalue; and determining, by executing an instruction with at least oneprocessor, a status of the wearable device based on when the responsesatisfies the reference value, wherein the status of wearable device isassociated with a strap of the wearable device being open or closed. 18.The method of claim 17, wherein when the status of the wearable deviceis associated with the strap of the wearable device being closed,identifying a presence of a capacitor at the end of the wearable devicebased on the response.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein when thestatus of the wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being open, the capacitor presence determiner toidentify an absence of the capacitor at the end of the wearable devicebased on the response.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein when thestatus of wearable device is associated with the strap of the wearabledevice being open, requesting access information prior to enablingaccess to the wearable device.
 21. The method of claim 17, wherein whenthe status of wearable device is associated with the strap of thewearable device being closed, enabling access to the wearable device ifaccess information has been provided within a wearing period of thewearable device.
 22. A tangible computer-readable medium comprisinginstructions that, when executed, cause a processor to, at least:provide a reference signal to an end of a wearable device; receive aresponse based on the reference signal provided; determine when theresponse satisfies a reference value; and determine a status of thewearable device based on when the response satisfies the referencevalue, wherein the status of wearable device is associated with a strapof the wearable device being open or closed.
 23. The computer-readablemedium as defined in claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed,further cause the processor to request access information prior toenabling access to the wearable device when the status of wearabledevice is associated with the strap of the wearable device being open.24. The computer-readable medium as defined in claim 22, wherein theinstructions, when executed, further cause the processor to enableaccess to the wearable device if access information has been providedwithin a wearing period of the wearable device when the status ofwearable device is associated with the strap of the wearable devicebeing closed.